Class 9 Social Science (ECONOMICS) NCERT MCQs Chapter 2 PEOPLE AS RESOURCE
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NCERT MCQs on Class 9 Social Science(ECONOMICS) Chapter 2 People as Resource
1) What does the term 'People as Resource' refer to?
(a) People as liabilities
(b) People as an asset for the economy
(c) Population growth rate
(d) Overpopulation
Answer: (b) People as an asset for the economy
Explanation: The term refers to the productive and economic value of the human population when they contribute to economic activities.
2) Which of the following sectors contributes to the economy through human resources?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Human resources contribute to all sectors—primary (agriculture), secondary (industries), and tertiary (services).
3) Which investment enhances the quality of human capital?
(a) Education and health
(b) Entertainment
(c) Infrastructure
(d) Defense
Answer: (a) Education and health
Explanation: Investment in education and healthcare improves skills, productivity, and the overall quality of human capital.
4) What does 'unemployment' refer to?
(a) People not willing to work
(b) People who are retired
(c) People who are capable and willing to work but unable to find jobs
(d) People engaged in non-economic activities
Answer: (c) People who are capable and willing to work but unable to find jobs
Explanation: Unemployment occurs when individuals who are ready to work cannot find suitable employment opportunities.
5) Which is the primary reason for seasonal unemployment in India?
(a) Urbanization
(b) Overpopulation
(c) Agriculture being a seasonal activity
(d) Lack of education
Answer: (c) Agriculture being a seasonal activity
Explanation: Seasonal unemployment is common in agriculture, where work depends on specific seasons like sowing or harvesting.
6) What is disguised unemployment?
(a) People working in urban areas
(b) More workers employed than required, with no significant increase in output
(c) Temporary unemployment
(d) Workers seeking multiple jobs
Answer: (b) More workers employed than required, with no significant increase in output
Explanation: Disguised unemployment occurs when surplus labor adds no additional productivity to the output.
7) Which sector experiences the most disguised unemployment in India?
(a) Secondary
(b) Primary
(c) Tertiary
(d) IT
Answer: (b) Primary
Explanation: Disguised unemployment is prevalent in agriculture (primary sector), where extra workers do not contribute to increased production.
8) Which of the following is an example of economic activity?
(a) Studying in school
(b) Household chores
(c) Farming
(d) Playing in a park
Answer: (c) Farming
Explanation: Farming is an economic activity as it involves production and contributes to income generation.
9) Which program in India focuses on rural employment generation?
(a) Mid-Day Meal Scheme
(b) MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act)
(c) Digital India
(d) Skill India Mission
Answer: (b) MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act)
Explanation: MGNREGA provides at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households.
10) What is the main advantage of having educated individuals in the workforce?
(a) Reduced dependency on agriculture
(b) Higher productivity and better decision-making
(c) Increased population growth
(d) Reduced government expenditure
Answer: (b) Higher productivity and better decision-making
Explanation: Education improves skills and decision-making, making the workforce more efficient and productive.
11) Which term refers to the potential of people contributing to the economy through their skills and knowledge?
(a) Physical capital
(b) Natural resources
(c) Human capital
(d) Financial capital
Answer: (c) Human capital
Explanation: Human capital refers to the economic value of a workforce’s skills, knowledge, and expertise.
12) What is the main cause of unemployment in urban areas of India?
(a) Seasonal dependency
(b) Lack of industries
(c) Migration from rural areas
(d) Inadequate health facilities
Answer: (c) Migration from rural areas
Explanation: Rural-to-urban migration increases competition for limited jobs, leading to urban unemployment.
13) Which government scheme focuses on primary education in India?
(a) MGNREGA
(b) Mid-Day Meal Scheme
(c) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
(d) Digital India
Answer: (c) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Explanation: SSA is aimed at universalizing primary education and improving the literacy rate in India.
14) What does the term ‘health infrastructure’ include?
(a) Schools and colleges
(b) Hospitals, clinics, and medical personnel
(c) Dams and roads
(d) Financial institutions
Answer: (b) Hospitals, clinics, and medical personnel
Explanation: Health infrastructure includes facilities and resources required to maintain public health.
15) What is a non-economic activity?
(a) Working in an office
(b) Farming
(c) Household chores
(d) Selling goods
Answer: (c) Household chores
Explanation: Non-economic activities do not contribute to income generation or the economy.
16) Which of the following best describes unemployment?
(a) People who choose not to work
(b) Lack of access to education
(c) Inability to find work despite being capable and willing
(d) Underemployment in industries
Answer: (c) Inability to find work despite being capable and willing
Explanation: Unemployment refers to people unable to find jobs despite their willingness and capability to work.
17) Which sector contributes the most to disguised unemployment in rural India?
(a) Services
(b) Manufacturing
(c) Agriculture
(d) Information Technology
Answer: (c) Agriculture
Explanation: Agriculture often employs more workers than needed, leading to disguised unemployment.
18) What is the impact of investment in education on human capital formation?
(a) Decreases productivity
(b) Increases skilled workforce
(c) Reduces migration
(d) Reduces population growth
Answer: (b) Increases skilled workforce
Explanation: Education enhances skills and knowledge, contributing to the development of a skilled and productive workforce.
19) Which age group is considered the workforce in India?
(a) 0–14 years
(b) 15–59 years
(c) 60 years and above
(d) All age groups
Answer: (b) 15–59 years
Explanation: People aged 15–59 are considered part of the economically active workforce.
20) Which of the following is an indicator of underemployment?
(a) High productivity
(b) Workers employed in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills
(c) Low literacy rates
(d) High wages
Answer: (b) Workers employed in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills
Explanation: Underemployment occurs when workers are employed below their potential or in low-paying jobs.
21) Which of the following is a direct benefit of improved healthcare?
(a) Increased dependency ratio
(b) Higher productivity of the workforce
(c) Reduced employment opportunities
(d) Higher population growth
Answer: (b) Higher productivity of the workforce
Explanation: Improved healthcare ensures a healthy workforce, which is more productive and contributes positively to the economy.
22) Which type of unemployment is characterized by workers being employed below their potential?
(a) Seasonal unemployment
(b) Underemployment
(c) Structural unemployment
(d) Disguised unemployment
Answer: (b) Underemployment
Explanation: Underemployment occurs when individuals work in jobs that do not match their skills or potential.
23) What is a key component of human capital formation?
(a) Education
(b) Natural resources
(c) Land ownership
(d) Migration
Answer: (a) Education
Explanation: Education is crucial for improving skills and knowledge, which are essential components of human capital.
24) Which country is an example of effectively utilizing its human resources for economic growth?
(a) India
(b) Japan
(c) Brazil
(d) South Africa
Answer: (b) Japan
Explanation: Despite limited natural resources, Japan has invested heavily in human capital, leading to significant economic growth.
25) Which of the following does NOT fall under the primary sector?
(a) Fishing
(b) Mining
(c) Manufacturing
(d) Forestry
Answer: (c) Manufacturing
Explanation: Manufacturing is part of the secondary sector, whereas the primary sector involves activities directly using natural resources.
26) What is the literacy rate an indicator of?
(a) Economic development
(b) Social and cultural awareness
(c) Skill level of the population
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Literacy reflects the economic, social, and skill development of a population, indicating its overall progress.
27) Which of the following is an example of the tertiary sector?
(a) Banking
(b) Farming
(c) Mining
(d) Fishing
Answer: (a) Banking
Explanation: The tertiary sector includes services like banking, education, and healthcare.
28) Which scheme provides free and compulsory education for children in India?
(a) Right to Education (RTE)
(b) Mid-Day Meal Scheme
(c) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
(d) National Skill Development Mission
Answer: (a) Right to Education (RTE)
Explanation: The RTE Act ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 in India.
29) Which of the following factors contributes to disguised unemployment in rural India?
(a) Lack of educational facilities
(b) Over-dependence on agriculture
(c) Migration to urban areas
(d) High literacy rates
Answer: (b) Over-dependence on agriculture
Explanation: Agriculture in rural areas often employs more people than needed, leading to disguised unemployment.
30) What is the main feature of structural unemployment?
(a) Seasonal dependency
(b) Mismatch between skills and job requirements
(c) Inadequate wages
(d) Lack of irrigation facilities
Answer: (b) Mismatch between skills and job requirements
Explanation: Structural unemployment occurs when workers’ skills do not match the demands of the job market.
31) Which of the following is a key objective of MGNREGA?
(a) Promote urban employment
(b) Provide 100 days of wage employment in rural areas
(c) Encourage industrialization
(d) Develop advanced farming techniques
Answer: (b) Provide 100 days of wage employment in rural areas
Explanation: MGNREGA aims to reduce rural unemployment by guaranteeing 100 days of wage-based work.
32) What is one significant benefit of non-economic activities like household chores?
(a) Contribute directly to national income
(b) Improve family welfare and well-being
(c) Increase unemployment
(d) Decrease work productivity
Answer: (b) Improve family welfare and well-being
Explanation: Though they do not generate income, non-economic activities like household chores improve the quality of life and family welfare.
33) Which of the following sectors has the highest employment in India?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) IT sector
Answer: (a) Primary sector
Explanation: The primary sector, especially agriculture, employs the majority of the Indian population.
34) What is the primary reason for low productivity in the agricultural sector?
(a) Lack of advanced technology
(b) Overpopulation
(c) Poor irrigation facilities
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Low productivity in agriculture is due to outdated techniques, insufficient irrigation, and over-reliance on labor.
35) Which of the following is considered a demographic dividend?
(a) Increasing dependency ratio
(b) Large working-age population
(c) High unemployment rates
(d) Declining literacy rates
Answer: (b) Large working-age population
Explanation: A large working-age population contributes positively to the economy, known as a demographic dividend.
36) What does the term 'life expectancy' refer to?
(a) Average age of retirement
(b) Average age a person is expected to live
(c) Minimum working age
(d) Average age of literacy
Answer: (b) Average age a person is expected to live
Explanation: Life expectancy measures the average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality rates.
37) Which of the following is a major challenge for human capital formation?
(a) High literacy rates
(b) Lack of investment in education and health
(c) Overdependence on technology
(d) High life expectancy
Answer: (b) Lack of investment in education and health
Explanation: Without sufficient investment in education and healthcare, human capital formation is hindered.
38) What is the main difference between skilled and unskilled labor?
(a) Level of education and training
(b) Access to natural resources
(c) Type of economic activity performed
(d) Urban versus rural work
Answer: (a) Level of education and training
Explanation: Skilled labor requires specific education or training, whereas unskilled labor does not.
39) What does the term 'dependency ratio' signify?
(a) Ratio of employed to unemployed individuals
(b) Ratio of non-working (dependent) population to the working-age population
(c) Ratio of rural to urban population
(d) Ratio of literate to illiterate people
Answer: (b) Ratio of non-working (dependent) population to the working-age population
Explanation: A high dependency ratio indicates more dependents relying on the working-age population.
40) Which of the following is an impact of high unemployment rates?
(a) Economic growth
(b) Increased literacy
(c) Social unrest and poverty
(d) Improved productivity
Answer: (c) Social unrest and poverty
Explanation: High unemployment leads to poverty and social issues like unrest and inequality.
41) What is the main cause of rural unemployment in India?
(a) Lack of industries
(b) Overdependence on agriculture
(c) High literacy rates
(d) Limited access to financial institutions
Answer: (b) Overdependence on agriculture
Explanation: Agriculture is the primary occupation in rural India, but it does not generate enough employment throughout the year.
42) Which of the following activities is NOT included in human capital formation?
(a) Education
(b) Skill training
(c) Entertainment
(d) Healthcare
Answer: (c) Entertainment
Explanation: Human capital formation includes investments in education, training, and healthcare to improve productivity.
43) Which sector of the economy provides services such as banking, education, and healthcare?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Quaternary
Answer: (c) Tertiary
Explanation: The tertiary sector is responsible for providing services that support the economy.
44) Which government initiative aims to provide nutritious food to school children?
(a) Right to Education Act
(b) Mid-Day Meal Scheme
(c) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
(d) MGNREGA
Answer: (b) Mid-Day Meal Scheme
Explanation: The Mid-Day Meal Scheme provides free meals to school children to improve their nutrition and encourage school attendance.
45) What is the relationship between education and economic development?
(a) Education increases productivity and income
(b) Education reduces population growth
(c) Education discourages urban migration
(d) Education promotes dependency on government
Answer: (a) Education increases productivity and income
Explanation: Education improves skills and productivity, leading to higher income and economic growth.
46) Which of the following is NOT a cause of underemployment?
(a) Overdependence on agriculture
(b) Lack of education
(c) Use of modern technology
(d) Lack of alternate job opportunities
Answer: (c) Use of modern technology
Explanation: Modern technology increases efficiency and productivity, reducing underemployment.
47) What is the primary objective of the Skill India Mission?
(a) Provide free education to children
(b) Reduce unemployment through skill development
(c) Offer financial support to farmers
(d) Improve healthcare facilities
Answer: (b) Reduce unemployment through skill development
Explanation: The Skill India Mission aims to equip individuals with market-relevant skills to improve their employability.
48) Which of the following sectors is least affected by seasonal unemployment?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Tourism
(c) Manufacturing
(d) Construction
Answer: (c) Manufacturing
Explanation: The manufacturing sector provides employment throughout the year, unlike agriculture and tourism, which are seasonal.
49) What is the main goal of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)?
(a) Improve health infrastructure
(b) Universalize primary education
(c) Provide skill training
(d) Promote higher education
Answer: (b) Universalize primary education
Explanation: SSA focuses on providing free and compulsory primary education to all children in India.
50) What does the term 'demographic transition' refer to?
(a) Migration of people from rural to urban areas
(b) Change in birth and death rates over time
(c) Increase in literacy rates
(d) Shift from primary to secondary sectors
Answer: (b) Change in birth and death rates over time
Explanation: Demographic transition describes how populations move from high birth and death rates to lower rates as a country develops.
51) Which of the following is an indicator of disguised unemployment?
(a) Workers producing less than their potential output
(b) Workers earning high wages
(c) Workers using advanced technology
(d) Workers migrating to cities
Answer: (a) Workers producing less than their potential output
Explanation: In disguised unemployment, workers are underutilized, and their productivity does not contribute significantly to output.
52) What does the term 'productive employment' mean?
(a) Employment that generates income and contributes to economic growth
(b) Temporary employment
(c) Employment in the primary sector
(d) Unpaid family work
Answer: (a) Employment that generates income and contributes to economic growth
Explanation: Productive employment refers to jobs that add value to the economy and provide financial benefits to workers.
53) Which is the largest age group in India’s population?
(a) 0–14 years
(b) 15–59 years
(c) 60 years and above
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) 15–59 years
Explanation: This age group represents the working-age population, contributing significantly to the economy.
54) What is the primary benefit of universal education?
(a) Reduces child labor
(b) Promotes gender equality
(c) Enhances workforce productivity
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Universal education improves workforce skills, reduces child labor, and fosters social equity.
55) Which sector in India has shown the fastest growth in recent years?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) Agriculture
Answer: (c) Tertiary sector
Explanation: The service-based tertiary sector has grown rapidly, driven by advancements in technology and urbanization.
56) What is the major cause of low life expectancy in some regions?
(a) Lack of natural resources
(b) Poor healthcare and nutrition
(c) Low literacy rates
(d) High employment rates
Answer: (b) Poor healthcare and nutrition
Explanation: Insufficient healthcare and poor nutrition lead to higher mortality rates and lower life expectancy.
57) Which of the following activities can reduce rural unemployment?
(a) Promoting small-scale industries
(b) Improving irrigation facilities
(c) Encouraging self-employment schemes
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: These activities help create more jobs and reduce unemployment in rural areas.
58) What is the main objective of the National Health Policy?
(a) Promote economic activities
(b) Improve health and increase life expectancy
(c) Encourage higher education
(d) Enhance agricultural productivity
Answer: (b) Improve health and increase life expectancy
Explanation: The National Health Policy focuses on ensuring accessible and affordable healthcare for all.
59) What is one major disadvantage of disguised unemployment?
(a) Reduces available jobs
(b) Reduces overall productivity
(c) Increases wages
(d) Promotes industrialization
Answer: (b) Reduces overall productivity
Explanation: Disguised unemployment means extra workers do not contribute significantly to productivity, leading to inefficiency.
60) Which program focuses on eradicating poverty and providing basic needs in rural areas?
(a) MGNREGA
(b) Digital India
(c) Make in India
(d) Skill India
Answer: (a) MGNREGA
Explanation: MGNREGA ensures rural employment and aims to alleviate poverty by providing wage-based jobs.
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